What do subterranean termites primarily eat?

Subterranean termites primarily consume cellulose, which is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants. While wood is a significant source of cellulose due to its fibrous structure, cellulose encompasses a broader range of organic materials, including the cellulose found in leaves, paper, and even some types of fungi. Subterranean termites are efficient at breaking down cellulose using specialized gut bacteria, allowing them to digest materials that are otherwise indigestible.

Understanding that cellulose is the primary component in their diet highlights the importance of these termites in the ecosystem, as they help in the decomposition of plant material and contribute to nutrient cycling in the environment. This ability to digest cellulose is what makes them such effective decomposers, and it's why they are often found in environments where decaying wood or plant matter is present.